Original Articles Open access

COULD COMBUSTION-GENERATED NANOPARTICLES INDUCE CYTOTOXICITY ALSO AT THE EXTREMELY LOW DOSES TYPICAL OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS?

Authors

Published
17 February 2025
Section
Original Articles
DOI
10.4081/gimle.463
Pages
225-230

Abstract

The presence of nanoparticles in the environment is mainly attributed to outdoor sources but sub-10 nm particles may also form indoor as effect of domestic activities such as cooking, heating, air freshening. Today, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, people are staying home for longer periods of times, thus being exposed to a poor indoor air quality. Due to elevated numerical concentration and large surface area, the health effect of sub-10 nm particles can go beyond what expected from their low mass concentration in the atmosphere. The objective of this study is to find, based on analysis of recent in vitro studies, a dose-effect correlation based on particle size/surface more than on particle mass. Such a correlation cold be useful to assess the health effects of people exposed to very low mass doses of nanoparticles either indoor or outdoor.​

References

  1. 1) Atkinson RW, Carey IM, Kent AJ, Van Staa TP, Anderson HR, Cook DG. Long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiology 2013; 24(1): 44-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e318276ccb8
  2. 2) Gold DR, Litonjua A, Schwartz J, Lovett E, Larson A, Nearing B, Allen G, Verrier M, Cherry R, Verrier R. Ambient pollution and heart rate variability. Circulation 2000; 101: 1267-1273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.101.11.1267
  3. 3) Pedata P, Stoeger T, Zimmermann R, Peters A, Oberdörster G, D'Anna A. Are we forgetting the smallest, sub 10 nm combustion generated particles? Particle and Fibre Toxicology 2015; 12. ISSN: 1743-8977. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-015-0107-3
  4. 4) Oberdörster G, Oberdörster E, Oberdörster J. Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultratine particles. Environ Health Perspect 2005; 113: 823-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7339
  5. 5) Rushton EK, Jiang J, Leonard SS, Eberly S, Castranova V, Biswas P, et al. Concept of assessing nanoparticle hazards considering nanoparticle dosemetric and chemical/biological response metrics. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2010; 73: 445-461. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15287390903489422
  6. 6) Klepeis NE, Nelson WC, Ott WR, Robinson JP, Tsang AM, Switzer P, Behar JV, Hern SC, Engelmann WH. The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): A resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2001; 11: 231-252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500165
  7. 7) Samet JM. Indoor air pollution: a public health perspective. Indoor Air 1993; 3: 219-226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.1993.00002.x
  8. 8) Kang JH, Cho J, Ko YT. Investigation on the effect of nanoparticle size on the blood/brain tumour barrier permeability by in situ perfusion via internal carotid artery in mice. Journal of drug targeting 2019; 27(2952): 103-110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1061186X.2018.1497037
  9. 9) Allen JL, Oberdorster G, Morris-Schaffer K, Wong C, Klocke C, Sobolewski M, Conrad K, Mayer-Proschel M, Cory-Slechta D. Developmental neurotoxicity of inhaled ambient ultrafine particle er poli parallen ih europathelatien end behavioral
  10. Neurotoxicology 2017; 59(3026): 140-154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2015.12.014
  11. 10) Sgro LA, Simonelli A, Pascarella L, Minutolo P, Guarnieri D. Sannolo N, Netti P, D'Anna A. Toxicological properties of nanoparticles of organic compounds (NOC) from flames and vehicle exhausts. Environmental science & technology 2009; (43): 2608-2613. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/es8034768
  12. 11) Sgro A. D'Anna, Minutolo P. On the characterization of nanoparticles emitted from combustion sources related to understanding their effects on health and climate. Journal of hazardous materials 2012; 420-426. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.10.097
  13. 12) Irimiea C, Faccinetto A, Mercier X, Ortega IK, Nuns N, Therssen E, Desgroux P, Focsa C. Unveiling trends in soot nucleation and growth: when secondary ion mass spectrometry meets statistical analysis. Carbon 2019; 144: 815-830. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.12.015
  14. 13) Cain JP, Gassman PL, Laskin A, Wang H. Micro-FTIR study of soot chemical composition: evidence of aliphatic hydrocarbons on nascent soot surfaces. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2010; 12: 5206-5210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/b924344e
  15. 4) Schenk M, Lieb S, Vieker H, Beyer A, Golzhauser A, Wang ! ohse-Hoinghaus K. Morphology of nascent soot in ethyler flames. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 2015; 35: 1879-1886. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2014.05.009
  16. 15) Commodo M, De Falco G, Larciprete R, D'Anna A, Minutolo P. On the hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of carbonaceous nanoparticles formed in laminar premixed flames. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 2016; 73: 56-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2015.09.005
  17. 16) Lighty JS, Veranth JM, Sarorofim AF. Combustion aerosols: factors governing their size and composition and implications to human health. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2000; 17) Kittelson DB, Watts WF, Johnson GP. Nanoparticle emissions on Minnesota highways. Atmospheric Environment 2004; 38: 9-19. 18) Sirignano M, Conturso M, Magno A, Di lorio S, Mancaruso E Vaglieco BM, D'Anna A. Evidence of sub-10 nm particles emitted from a small-size diesel engine. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 2018: 95: 60-64.
  18. 19) Ronkko T, Virtanen A, Kannosto J, Keskinen J, Lappi M, Pirjola L. Nucleation mode particles with a nonvolatile core in the exhaust of a heavy duty diesel vehicle. Environmental Science and Technology 2007; 41: 6384-6389. domestic burners. Environmental Engineering Science 2008; 25: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/es0705339
  19. 21) Sgro LA, Basile G, Barone A, D'Anna A, Minutolo P, Borghese A,
  20. D'Alessio A. Detection of combustion formed nanoparticles. Chemosphere 2003; 51: 1079-1090. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00718-X
  21. 2) Hou D, Zong D, Lindberg CS, Kraft M, You X. On the coagulatic fficiency of carbonaceous nanoparticles. Journal of Aeros Science 2020: 140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2019.105478
  22. 23) Sirignano M, D'Anna A. Filtration and coagulation efficiency of sub-10 mm dombustion-generated particles. Fuel 2018; 221: 298-302. 24) Morawska L, Ayoko GA, Bae GN, Buonanno G, Chao CYH, Clifford S, Fu SC, Hänninen O, He C, Isaxon C, Mazaheri M. Salthammer T, Waring MS, Wierzbicka A. Airborne particles in indoor environment of homes, schools, offices and aged care facilities: The main routes of exposure. Environment International 2017; 108: 75-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.07.025
  23. 25) Abt E, Suh HH, Catalano P and Koutrakis P. Relative Contribution of Outdoor and Indoor Particle Sources to Indoor Concentrations. Environ Sci Tech 2000: 34: 3579-3587. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/es990348y
  24. 26) Long C M, Suh HH, Catalano P and Koutrakis, P. Using Time- and Size-Resolved Particulate Data to Quantify Indoor Penetration and Deposition Behavior. Environ Sci Tech 2001; 35: 2089-2099. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/es001477d
  25. 27) Dennekamp M, Howarth S, Dick CA, Cherrie JHW, Donaldson K and Seaton A. Ultrafine Particles and Nitrogen Oxides Generated by Gas and Electric Cooking. Occup Environ Med 2001; 58: 511-516. 28) Wallace L. Indoor sources of ultrafine and accumulation mode particles: size distributions, size-resolved concentrations, and source strengths. Aerosol Science and Technology 2006; 40: 348-360. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.58.8.511

Metrics

Citations and online attention from Dimensions, Altmetric and PlumX.

PlumX Metrics

License

Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.

Most read articles by the same author(s)